Rethinking dubbing workflows: The tentative role of pre-editing in machine-translated content
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2026.e105649Palabras clave:
audiovisual translation, dubbing, machine translation, pre-editing, post-editingResumen
The DubTA project investigates the integration of neural machine translation into dubbing workflows. Given that audiovisual translation has historically been less permeable to machine translation due to its inherently creative and multimodal nature, this article first reviews the recent increase in automation technologies within audiovisual translation. This context motivated the DubTA project, whose methodology and preliminary findings are presented here. The primary goal of DubTA is to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating machine translation into dubbing processes. To this end, raw output generated by two machine translation engines was analyzed, with errors systematically categorized using a custom taxonomy to identify areas suitable for potential pre-editing in fictional dubbing scripts. Based on these findings, the project explores the possibility of developing pre-editing guidelines that could help enhance machine translation output and facilitate dubbing workflows by reducing the need for extensive post-editing. While promising, these results highlight the need for further research to refine these preliminary guidelines and assess their impact on diverse dubbing scenarios.
Citas
Anselmi, C., & Rubio, I. (2020). The Future is Here: Neural Machine Translation for Games. MultiLingual, 31(2). https://multilingual.com/issues/mar-apr-2020/the-future-is-here/
Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación – AENOR. (2020). UNE-ISO 18587. Servicios de traducción. Posedición del resultado de una traducción automática. Requisitos. UNE.
Bolaños García-Escribano, A. (2024). Practices, Education and Technology in Audiovisual Translation. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003367598
Bolaños García-Escribano, A., & Declercq, C. (2023). Editing in Audiovisual Translation (Subtitling). In C. Sin-Wai (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology (2ª ed.; pp. 565–581). Routledge.
Bolaños-García-Escribano, A., Díaz-Cintas, J., & Massidda, S. (2021). Latest Advancements in Audiovisual Translation Education. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 15(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2021.1880308
Bywood, L., Georgakopoulou, P., & Etchegoyhen, T. (2017). Embracing the Threat: Machine Translation as a Solution for Subtitling. Perspectives, 25(3), 492–508. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2017.1291695
Calvo-Ferrer, J. R. (2024). Can You Tell the Difference? A Study of Human vs Machine-translated Subtitles. Perspectives, 32(6), 1115–1132. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2023.2268149
Cerezo Merchán, B., Chaume Varela, F., Granell Zafra, J., Martí Ferriol, J. L., Martínez Sierra, J. J., & Marzà Ibàñez, A. (2016). La traducción para el doblaje en España: mapa de convenciones. Publicacions de la Universitat Jaume I. https://doi.org/10.6035/estudistraduccio.trama.2016.3
Chaume, F. (2004). Cine y traducción. Cátedra.
Chaume, F. (2007). Quality Standards in Dubbing: A Proposal. TradTerm, 13, 71–89. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-9511.tradterm.2007.47466
Chaume, F. (2012). Audiovisual Translation: Dubbing. St. Jerome.
Costa, C. B., & Silva, I. A. L. (2020). On the Translation of Literature as a Human Activity Par Excellence: Ethical Implications for Literary Machine Translation. Aletria, 30(4), 225–248. https://doi.org/10.35699/2317-2096.2020.22047
de Higes Andino, I. (2023). Estudio del subtitulado automático bilingüe en la Comunitat Valenciana: el caso de L’Informatiu – Comunitat Valenciana de RTVE. In L. Mejías-Climent & J. de los Reyes Lozano (Eds.), La traducción audiovisual a través de la traducción automática y la posedición: prácticas actuales y futuras (pp. 95–112). Comares.
de los Reyes Lozano, J., & Mejías-Climent, L. (2023a). La norma UNE-18587 sobre posedición y traducción automática: intersecciones con la industria del doblaje. In L. Mejías-Climent & J. de los Reyes Lozano (Eds.), La traducción audiovisual a través de la traducción automática y la posedición: prácticas actuales y futuras (pp. 81–93). Comares.
de los Reyes Lozano, J., & Mejías-Climent, L. (2023b). Beyond the Black Mirror Effect: The Impact of Machine Translation in the Audiovisual Translation Environment. Linguistica Antverpiensia, 22, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.52034/lans-tts.v22i.790
Díaz-Cintas, J. (2020). An Excursus on Audiovisual Translation. In L. Bogucki & M. Deckert (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Audiovisual Translation and Media Accessibility (pp. 11–32). Palgrave Macmillan.
Díaz Cintas, J., & Massidda, S. (2020). Technological Advances in Audiovisual Translation. In M. O’Hagan (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Technology (pp. 255–270). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315311258-15
do Carmo, F. (2020). ‘Time is Money’ and the Value of Translation. Translation Spaces, 9(1), 35–57. https://doi.org/10.1075/TS.00020.CAR
do Carmo, F., & Moorkens, J. (2022). Translation’s New High-tech Clothes. In G. Massey, E. Huertas-Barros & D. Katan (Eds.), The Human Translator in the 2020s (pp. 11–26). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003223344-2
Federico, M., Enyedi, R., Barra-Chicote, R., Giri, R., Isik, U., Krishnaswamy, A., & Sawaf, H. (2020). From Speech-to-Speech Translation to Automatic Dubbing. arXiv preprint arXiv:2001.06785. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2001.06785
Flis, G., & Senda, T. (2022, September 15). What’s in the Cards for AVT – Prognoses on the Future of Dubbing. European Comission. https://knowledge-centre-translation-interpretation.ec.europa.eu/en/content/whats-cards-avt-prognoses-future-dubbing
Georgakopoulou, P. (2019). Technologization of Audiovisual Translation. In L. Pérez González (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Audiovisual Translation (pp. 516–539). Routledge.
Georgakopoulou, P. (2020). The Faces of Audiovisual Translation. In European Parliament (Ed.), The Many Faces of Translation: From Video Games to the Vatican (pp. 16–33). European Parliament. https://doi.org/10.2861/898773
Guerberof Arenas, A., & Toral, A. (2020). The Impact of Post-editing and Machine Translation on Creativity and Reading Experience. Translation Spaces, 9(2), 255–282. https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.20035.gue
Görög, A. (2014). Quantifying and Benchmarking Quality: The TAUS Dynamic Quality Framework. Tradumàtica, (12), 443–454. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/tradumatica.66
Hadley, J. L., Taivalkoski-Shilov, K., Teixeira, C. S. C., & Toral, A. (Eds.). (2022). Using Technologies for Creative-Text Translation. Routledge.
Hansen, D., & Houlmont, P.-Y. (2022). A Snapshot into the Possibility of Video Game Machine Translation. In J. Campbell, S. Larocca, J. Marciano, K. Savenkov & A. Yanishevsky (Eds.), Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (Vol. 2; pp. 257–269). Association for Machine Translation in the Americas. https://aclanthology.org/2022.amta-upg.18/
Hiraoka, Y., & Yamada, M. (2019). Pre-editing plus Neural Machine Translation for Subtitling: Effective Pre-editing Rules for Subtitling of TED Talks. In F. G. M. Forcada, A. Way, J. Tinsley, D. Shterionov, C. Rico (Eds.), Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit XVII: Translator, Project and User Tracks (pp. 64–72). European Association for Machine Translation. https://aclanthology.org/W19-6710/
Karakanta, A., Bhattacharya, S., Nayak, S., Baumann, T., Negri, M., & Turchi, M. (2021). The Two Shades of Dubbing in Neural Machine Translation. In D. Scott, N. Bel, & C. Zong (Eds.), Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (pp. 4327–4333). International Committee on Computational Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.coling-main.382
Koglin, A., Moura, W. H. C., Matos, M. A., & Silveira, J. G. P. (2023). Quality Assessment of Machine-translated Post-edited Subtitles: An Analysis of Brazilian Translators’ Perceptions. Linguistica Antverpiensia, 22, 41–60. https://doi.org/10.52034/lans-tts.v22i.765
Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T. (2001). Multimodal Discourse: The Modes and Media of Contemporary Communication. Arnold.
Lommel, A. (2018). Metrics for Translation Quality Assessment: A Case for Standardising Error Typologies. In J. Moorkens, S. Castilho, F. Gaspari, & S. Doherty (Eds.), Translation Quality Assessment: From Principles to Practice (pp. 109–127). Springer.
Lommel, A., Uszkoreit, H., & Burchardt, A. (2014). Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM): A Framework for Declaring and Describing Translation Quality Metrics. Tradumàtica, (12), 455–463. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/tradumatica.77
Matousek, J., & Vít, J. (2012). Improving Automatic Dubbing with Subtitle Timing Optimisation Using Video Cut Detection. In IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2012 (pp. 2385–2388). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2012.6288395
Mejías-Climent, L., & de los Reyes Lozano, J. (2021). Traducción automática y posedición en el aula de doblaje: resultados de una experiencia docente. Hikma, 20(2), 203–227. https://doi.org/10.21071/hikma.v20i2.13383
Mejías-Climent, L., & Villanueva-Jordán, I. (2023). Traducción automática y audiovisual: la búsqueda del equilibro entre optimización y procesamiento humano. In C. Rico Pérez & M. M. Sánchez Ramos (Eds.), Traducción automática en contextos especializados (pp. 209–231). Peter Lang.
Miyata, R., & Fujita, A. (2021). Understanding Pre-editing for Black-box Neural Machine Translation. In P. Merlo, J. Tiedemann & R. Tsarfaty (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (pp. 1539–1550). Association for Computational Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.eacl-main.132
Moniz, H., & Parra Escartín, C. (Eds.). (2023). Towards Responsible Machine Translation: Ethical and Legal Considerations in Machine Translation. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14689-3
O’Hagan, M. (Ed.). (2020). The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Technology. Routledge.
Ortiz-Boix, C. (2016). Machine Translation and Post Editing in Wildlife Documentaries: Challenges and Possible Solutions. Hermeneus, 18, 269–313.
Remael, A., & Reviers, N. (2019). Multimodality and Audiovisual Translation: Cohesion in Accessible Films. In L. Pérez-González (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Audiovisual Translation (pp. 260–280). Routledge.
Rico Pérez, C. (2023). Caminos convergentes en traducción audiovisual, traducción automática y posedición. In L. Mejías-Climent & J. de los Reyes Lozano (Eds.), La traducción audiovisual a través de la traducción automática y la posedición: prácticas actuales y futuras (pp. 1–14). Comares.
Rico Pérez, C., & Sánchez Ramos, M. M. (2023). Traducción automática en contextos especializados. Peter Lang. https://doi.org/10.3726/b20144
Rodríguez Fernández-Peña, A. C. (2023). Online Cloud Dubbing: How Home Recording Stormed the Dubbing Industry. Tradumàtica, (21), 28–48. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/tradumatica.335
Sakaguchi, N., Murawaki, Y., Chu, C., & Kurohashi, S. (2024). Identifying Source Language Expressions for Pre-editing in Machine Translation. In N. Calzolari, M.-Y. Kan, V. Hoste, A. Lenci, S. Sakti & N. Xue (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024) (pp. 8605–8616). ELRA. https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.755/
Sakamoto, A., van Laar, D., Moorkens, J., & do Carmo, F. (2024). Measuring Translators’ Quality of Working Life and their Career Motivation: Conceptual and Methodological Aspects. Translation Spaces, 13(1), 54–77. https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.23026.sak
Sánchez Ramos, M. M., & Rico Pérez, C. (2020). Traducción Automática: conceptos clave, procesos de evaluación y técnicas de posedición. Comares.
Spiteri Miggiani, G. (2019). Dialogue Writing for Dubbing: An Insider’s Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan.
Spiteri Miggiani, G. (2022). Measuring Quality in Translation for Dubbing: A Quality Assessment Model Proposal for Trainers and Stakeholders. XLinguae, 15(2), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.18355/XL.2022.15.02.07
Tam, D., Lakew, S. M., Virkar, Y., Mathur, P., & Federico, M. (2022). Isochrony-aware Neural Machine Translation for Automatic Dubbing. In Proceedings of Interspeech 2022 (pp. 1776–1780). International Speech Communication Association. https://doi.org/10.21437/Interspeech.2022-11136
Valdeón, R. A. (2022). Latest Trends in Audiovisual Translation. Perspectives, 30(3), 369–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2022.2069226
Villanueva Jordán, I. A., & Romero-Muñoz, A. (2023). Nociones metodológicas para el análisis comparativo de traducciones automáticas para el doblaje. In L. Mejías-Climent & J. de los Reyes Lozano (Eds.), La traducción audiovisual a través de la traducción automática y la posedición: prácticas actuales y futuras (pp. 17–36). Comares.
Vivziepop. (n.d.). HELLUVA BOSS [YouTube playlist]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-uopgYBi65HwiiDR9Y23lomAkGr9mm-S
Wang, L. (2023). Applying Automated Machine Translation to Educational Video Courses. Education and Information Technologies, 29(9), 10377–10390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12219-0
Yang, Y., Shillingford, B., Assael, Y., Wang, M., Liu, W., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Sezener, E., Cobo, L. C., Denil, M., Aytar, Y., & Freitas, N. D. (2020). Large Scale Multilingual Audio Visual Dubbing. arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.03530. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2011.03530
Zhang, X. (2025). A Review of Research on Pre-editing of Machine Translation. Journal of Literature and Art Studies, 15(1), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5836/2025.01.006
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Cadernos de Tradução
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Declaración de Derecho de Autor
Los autores conservan sus derechos de autor y conceden a la revista el derecho a la primera publicación bajo la Licencia Creative Commons Attribution, que permite que se comparta el trabajo reconociéndose la autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.
Los autores están autorizados a asumir contratos adicionales por separado para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del trabajo publicada en esta revista (por ej.: publicar en un repositorio institucional o como capítulo de libro, reconociéndose la autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista).
